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Sea levels and sea ice

In the last 40 years, average global sea levels have risen by about 1 to 2 mm per year. Depending on the future emissions scenario, a further rise of sea levels by 18 to 59 cm is predicted by the end of the 21st century.

Average global rise in sea levels based on reconstructed data (red), water level measurements (blue) and satellite measurements (black) (IPCC, 2007).

This rise is the result of the expansion of sea water due to higher temperatures, and additional melt water from glaciers and ice caps. The result is an increased likelihood of flooding in low lying areas (e.g. Bangladesh) and island groups.

All climate scenarios indicate that the melting of sea ice (icebergs and floating ice shelves) seen in the past in the polar regions will continue into the future.