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Voluntary agreements
One of the most comprehensive voluntary agreements in the air traffic sector was put together by members of the IATA (International Air Transportation Association).
Around 230 airlines from over 120 countries, as well as international airports, freight forwarders, suppliers and travel agencies are members of the IATA. Together they represent a powerful lobby group. In 2000, the IATA voluntarily decided to improve the fuel efficiency of its aircraft fleets by 10 percent by the year 2010. Due to the voluntary nature of the agreement, however, non-compliance will hardly have any consequences.
The International Civil Aviation Organization ICAO also approves of voluntary agreements. Airlines also prefer them because they preserve the freedom of the parties involved to decide how to reduce emissions, allowing them to choose the most cost-effective methods. Unfortunately, voluntary agreements tend to run the risk of not being implemented.
Source:
Dobbie L., McLellan M., Somerville. H."Aviation, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Economic Instruments", Report-Nr. GA-RT-0058, 2003, GreenAscent
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